The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen different times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times late to seize a surprise lead. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to complete a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.